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1. No participation
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Completely top-down, community is not informed about or asked about issues in their community
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Top-down, community is not informed about the development of the project
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Top-down, community is not informed about the implementation of the project, only about activities they’re involved in
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Top-down, community receives no information about evaluation
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2. Passive participation
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Outsiders decide on the issues that need to be addressed, community is informed
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Outsiders control development, community is informed, but has no input
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Outsiders control the implementation, community is informed, but has no input
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Outsiders control the evaluation, community is informed, but has no input
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3. Participation by information
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Outsiders have control, community participates by providing information about their community. No feedback to the community and no checking for agreements
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Outsiders have control over development, community potentially provides information about what they want, but outsiders don’t necessarily respond to this
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Outsiders control implementation, community might provide information useful for implementation, but outsiders don’t necessarily listen to this
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Outsiders control evaluation, community provides information through surveys and/or interviews, focus groups. Findings are not shared or checked for accuracy
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4. Participation by consultation
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Outsiders define problems and consult with community about their agreement, using outsider defined processes
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Outsiders consult with community about potential projects to develop, but outsiders make final decision
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Community participates in activities decided upon by the outsiders
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Outsiders define evaluation process, community provides information and might make suggestions for improvement and feedback provided
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5. Functional participation
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Outsiders have predetermined goals and community assists in defining issues within those goals, outsiders make final decisions
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Community works together with outsiders to develop projects decided upon by the outsiders.
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Community and outsiders work towards implementation of projects, based on outsiders’ goals and processes
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Community and outsiders work together in evaluation, based on goals as set by the outsiders
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6. Interactive participation
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Outsiders and community work together to identify the issues in the community and set goals for the project
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Outsiders and community work together to develop suitable projects to address the agreed upon goals.
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Community and outsiders implement the developed projects together, community has control and uses local resource
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Evaluation methods are decided upon together and conducted in partnership
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7. Self-mobilisation
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Completely bottom-up, community identifies their own issues and sets their own goals, might contact outsiders to assist them where needed
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Bottom-up, community makes decisions about project development, apply for funding and potentially contact outsiders where needed
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Community implements projects, contacts outsiders for resources where needed, but remains in control over resources
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Community conducts evaluations, potentially contacts outsiders for assistance, but stays in control over evaluation
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